System Name: un-pan-Guru-Latn-1972
Authority ID | un |
System ID | 1972 |
Language | Panjabi; Punjabi |
Source Script | Guru |
Destination Script | Latn |
Name | Romanization of Panjabi -- UNGEGN 4.0 (1972) |
URL | https://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_pa.htm |
Description | The United Nations recommended system was approved in 1972 (II/11) and amended in 1977 (III/12), based on a report prepared by D. N. Sharma. The tables and their corrections were published in volume II of the conference reports1,2. There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products. Punjabi (Panjābī) in India uses an alphasyllabic script (Gurmukhi) whereby each character represents a syllable rather than one sound. Vowels and diphthongs are marked in two ways: as independent characters (used syllable-initially) and in an abbreviated form, to denote vowels after consonants. The romanization table is unambiguous. The system is mostly reversible but there exist some ambiguities in the romanization of vowels (independent vs. abbreviated characters) and consonants (combinations with subscript consonants vs. character sequences). References Second United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. London, 10–31 May 1972. Vol. II. Technical papers. United Nations. New York 1974, pp. 136–138. Third United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. Athens, 17 August – 7 September 1977. Vol. II, Technical papers, pp. 393 etc. |
Guru
Latn
Condition
- ਕkafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਖkhafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ -
any ( ਖ, ਼)ḳhafter:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਗgafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ -
any ( ਗ, ਼)g̣after:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਘghafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਙṅafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਚchafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਛchhafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ -
any ( ਜ, ਼)zafter:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਜjafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਝjhafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਞñafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਟṭafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਠṭhafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਡḍafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਢḍhafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਣṇafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਤtafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਥthafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਦdafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਧdhafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਨnafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਪpafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਫphafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ -
any ( ਫ, ਼)fafter:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਬbafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਭbhafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਮmafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਯyafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਰrafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਲlafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ -
any ( ਲ, ੵ)lafter:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ -
any ( ਲ, ਼)lafter:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਵvafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ੜṙafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਸsafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਸ਼shafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਹhafter:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍),not before: ੱ - ਕkkbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਖkkhbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) -
any ( ਖ, ਼)ḳḳhbefore: ੱ, after:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਗggbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) -
any ( ਗ, ਼)gg̣before: ੱ, after:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਘgghbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਙṅṅbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਚcchbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਛcchhbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) -
any ( ਜ, ਼)zzbefore: ੱ, after:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਜjjbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਝjjhbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਞññbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਟṭṭbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਠṭṭhbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਡḍḍbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਢḍḍhbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਣṇṇbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਤttbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਥtthbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਦddbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਧddhbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਨnnbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਪppbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਫpphbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) -
any ( ਫ, ਼)ffbefore: ੱ, after:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਬbbbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਭbbhbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਮmmbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਯyybefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਰrrbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਲllbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) -
any ( ਲ, ੵ)llbefore: ੱ, after:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) -
any ( ਲ, ਼)llbefore: ੱ, after:any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਵvvbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ੜṙṙbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਸssbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਸ਼sshbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - ਹhhbefore: ੱ, after:
any ( ਾ, ਿ, ੀ, ੁ, ੂ, ੇ, ੈ, ੋ, ੌ, ੍) - Parallel
- Compose